[The influence of family and peer violence in the practice of bullying among school adolescents]. / A influência da violência familiar e entre pares na prática do bullying por adolescentes escolares.

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bullies and identify factors related to bullying among high school students in Recife. This is an analytical cross-sectional epidemiological study, composed of a probabilistic sample by clusters of 1,402 students aged 15 to 19 years old, enrolled in the second year of high school in both public and private schools in Recife. In this work the bullying will be approached according to the Bioecological Theory of Human Development of Bronfenbrenner. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire about bullying and associated factors. Data analysis was conducted by the Pearson chi-square test with statistical significance of 0.05 and 95% Confidence Interval. To analyze associations, a multilevel modeling was employed and STATA version 12.0 software was used. The results showed a prevalence of 21.26% of bullying aggressors and the factors associated with the practice of bullying were violence suffered at school, violence between peers, as well as violence practiced by the mother and siblings. Hence, the results indicate that the violence suffered in the family and school context can have repercussions on the practice of bullying among adolescents.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de agressores de bullying e identificar os fatores relacionados a este comportamento em adolescentes escolares do Recife. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal analítico, composto por uma amostra probabilística por conglomerados de 1.402 estudantes de 15 a 19 anos matriculados no segundo ano do ensino médio de escolas públicas e privadas do Recife. Neste trabalho, o bullying será abordado segundo a teoria bioecológica do desenvolvimento humano de Bronfenbrenner. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um questionário autoaplicável com questões sobre bullying e fatores associados. A análise dos dados foi constituída pela aplicação do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, considerando significância estatística de 0,05 e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Para a análise das associações foi empregada a modelagem multinível e o software utilizado foi o STATA, versão 12.0. Os resultados mostraram prevalência de 21,26% de agressores de bullying e os fatores associados à essa prática foram as violências sofridas na escola e entre pares, bem como a violência praticada pela mãe e irmãos. Dessa forma, os resultados indicam que as violências sofridas no contexto familiar e escolar podem repercutir na prática do bullying entre adolescentes.

A influência da violência familiar e entre pares na prática do bullying por adolescentes escolares / The influence of family and peer violence in the practice of bullying among school adolescents

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de agressores de bullying e identificar os fatores relacionados a este comportamento em adolescentes escolares do Recife. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal analítico, composto por uma amostra probabilística por conglomerados de 1.402 estudantes de 15 a 19 anos matriculados no segundo ano do ensino médio de escolas públicas e privadas do Recife. Neste trabalho, o bullying será abordado segundo a teoria bioecológica do desenvolvimento humano de Bronfenbrenner. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um questionário autoaplicável com questões sobre bullying e fatores associados. A análise dos dados foi constituída pela aplicação do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, considerando significância estatística de 0,05 e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Para a análise das associações foi empregada a modelagem multinível e o software utilizado foi o STATA, versão 12.0. Os resultados mostraram prevalência de 21,26% de agressores de bullying e os fatores associados à essa prática foram as violências sofridas na escola e entre pares, bem como a violência praticada pela mãe e irmãos. Dessa forma, os resultados indicam que as violências sofridas no contexto familiar e escolar podem repercutir na prática do bullying entre adolescentes.

Abstract The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bullies and identify factors related to bullying among high school students in Recife. This is an analytical cross-sectional epidemiological study, composed of a probabilistic sample by clusters of 1,402 students aged 15 to 19 years old, enrolled in the second year of high school in both public and private schools in Recife. In this work the bullying will be approached according to the Bioecological Theory of Human Development of Bronfenbrenner. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire about bullying and associated factors. Data analysis was conducted by the Pearson chi-square test with statistical significance of 0.05 and 95% Confidence Interval. To analyze associations, a multilevel modeling was employed and STATA version 12.0 software was used. The results showed a prevalence of 21.26% of bullying aggressors and the factors associated with the practice of bullying were violence suffered at school, violence between peers, as well as violence practiced by the mother and siblings. Hence, the results indicate that the violence suffered in the family and school context can have repercussions on the practice of bullying among adolescents.

Prevalence and factors associated with bullying: differences between the roles of bullies and victims of bullying.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the differences between the prevalence and factors associated with involvement in bullying among schoolchildren from Recife, in the role of victim and perpetrator. METHOD: This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical study, with a probabilistic cluster sample of 1,402 students enrolled in high schools in Recife. Data analysis consisted of a descriptive analysis, followed by the application of Pearson's chi-squared test with statistical significance of 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. For the association analysis, multilevel modeling was used to control the cluster effect. RESULTS: It was observed that adolescents who feel different from other peers were associated with bullying, regardless of the role played. Being a victim was associated with being female, having low self-esteem, and using tranquilizers; being a transgressor was a protective factor. As for the role of perpetrator, being male, excessive alcohol consumption, having poor school performance, being a transgressor, and accepting peer violence were the associated variables; in turn, not defending their ideas when among friends showed to be a protective factor for bullying. CONCLUSION: The differences between the adolescents, whether in the role of victim or perpetrator, indicate that the advocacy and prevention actions should focus on these aspects, mainly in the school environment.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in adolescents and association with computer and videogame use / Prevalência de dor musculoesquelética em adolescentes e associação com uso de computador e jogos eletrônicos

Abstract Objective: This study investigated the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in high school adolescents from public schools and its association with electronic device use. Methods: The sample consisted of 961 boys and girls aged 14–19 years who answered a questionnaire regarding the use of computers and electronic games, and questions about pain symptoms and physical activity. Furthermore, anthropometric assessments of all volunteers were performed. The chi-squared test and a multiple logistic regression model were used for the inferential analysis. Results: The presence of musculoskeletal pain symptoms was reported by 65.1% of the adolescents, being more prevalent in the thoracolumbar spine (46.9%), followed by pain in the upper limbs, representing 20% of complaints. The mean time of use for computers and electronic games was 1.720 and 583 minutes per week, respectively. The excessive use of electronic devices was demonstrated to be a risk factor for cervical and lumbar pain. Female gender was associated with the presence of pain in different body parts. Presence of a paid job was associated with cervical pain. Conclusion: A high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in adolescents, as well as an increased amount of time using digital devices was observed. However, it was only possible to observe an association between the increased use of these devices and the presence of cervical and low back pain.

Resumo Objetivo: Investigar a presença de sintomas musculoesqueléticos em adolescentes estudantes do ensino médio em escolas públicas e sua associação com o uso de dispositivos eletrônicos. Método: A amostra foi composta por 961 meninos e meninas entre 14 e 19 anos que responderam questionário sobre o uso de computadores, jogos eletrônicos e questões relacionadas a sintomas dolorosos e atividade física. Além disso, todos os voluntários foram submetidos à avaliação antropométrica. Para análise inferencial foram usados os testes de qui-quadrado e modelo múltiplo de regressão logística. Resultados: A presença de sintomas de dor musculoesquelética foi reportada por 65,1% dos adolescentes, mais prevalente na coluna toracolombar (46,9%), seguida por dor nos membros superiores (20%). O tempo médio de uso de computador e jogos eletrônicos foi de 1.720 e 583 minutos por semana, respectivamente. O uso excessivo dos dispositivos eletrônicos mostrou-se como fator de risco para dor cervical e lombar. O sexo feminino apresentou associação com a presença de dor em diferentes partes do corpo. A atividade profissional esteve associada com a dor cervical. Conclusão: Observou-se alta prevalência de dor musculoesquelética nos adolescentes e elevado tempo de uso dos dispositivos eletrônicos. Entretanto, foi possível observar somente a associação do uso excessivo desses dispositivos e a presença de dor cervical e lombar.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in adolescents and association with computer and videogame use.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in high school adolescents from public schools and its association with electronic device use. METHODS: The sample consisted of 961 boys and girls aged 14-19 years who answered a questionnaire regarding the use of computers and electronic games, and questions about pain symptoms and physical activity. Furthermore, anthropometric assessments of all volunteers were performed. The chi-squared test and a multiple logistic regression model were used for the inferential analysis. RESULTS: The presence of musculoskeletal pain symptoms was reported by 65.1% of the adolescents, being more prevalent in the thoracolumbar spine (46.9%), followed by pain in the upper limbs, representing 20% of complaints. The mean time of use for computers and electronic games was 1.720 and 583 minutes per week, respectively. The excessive use of electronic devices was demonstrated to be a risk factor for cervical and lumbar pain. Female gender was associated with the presence of pain in different body parts. Presence of a paid job was associated with cervical pain. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in adolescents, as well as an increased amount of time using digital devices was observed. However, it was only possible to observe an association between the increased use of these devices and the presence of cervical and low back pain.

Prevalence of headache in adolescents and association with use of computer and videogames.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of headache in adolescents and its association with excessive use of electronic devices and games. The sample comprised 954 adolescents of both sexes (14 to 19 years) who answered a questionnaire about use of computers and electronic games, presence of headache and physical activity. The binary and multinomial logistic regression, with significance level of 5% was used for inferential analysis. The prevalence of headache was 80.6%. The excessive use of electronics devices proved to be a risk factor (OR = 1.21) for headache. Subjects aged between 14 and 16 years were less likely to report headache (OR = 0.64). Regarding classification, 17.9% of adolescents had tension-type headache, 19.3% had migraine and 43.4% other types of headache. The adolescents aged form 14 to 16 years had lower chance (OR ≤ 0.68) to report the tension-type headache and other types of headache. The excessive use of digital equipment, electronic games and attending the third year of high school proved to be risk factors for migraine-type development (OR ≥ 1.84). There was a high prevalence of headache in adolescents and high-time use of electronic devices. We observed an association between excessive use of electronic devices and the presence of headache, and this habit is considered a risk factor, especially for the development of migraine-type.

Prevalência de cefaleia em adolescentes e associação com uso de computador e jogos eletrônicos / Prevalence of headache in adolescents and association with use of computer and videogames

Este estudo objetivou verificar a prevalência de cefaleia em adolescentes e sua associação com o uso excessivo de computador e jogos eletrônicos. A amostra foi composta por 954 adolescentes (14 a 19 anos), de ambos os sexos, que responderam ao questionário sobre uso de computadores e jogos eletrônicos, presença de cefaleia e atividade física. Foi utilizada a regressão logística binária e multinomial, com nível de significância de 5%. Evidenciou-se alta prevalência de cefaleia (80,6%) e elevado tempo de uso de dispositivos eletrônicos. O uso excessivo dos dispositivos eletrônicos mostrou-se fator de risco para cefaleia. Os sujeitos com idade entre 14 e 16 anos apresentaram menor chance de relatar a cefaleia. Em relação ao tipo, 17,9% apresentaram cefaleia do tipo tensional, 19,3% migrânea e 43,4% outros tipos de cefaleia. Os adolescentes com idade entre 14 e 16 anos apresentam menor chance de relatar a cefaleia do tipo tensional e de outros. Estar cursando o terceiro ano e usar excessivamente equipamentos digitais mostraram-se fatores de risco para cefaleia migrânea. Os resultados permitem concluir que o uso excessivo de dispositivos eletrônicos está associado à presença de cefaleia, principalmente do tipo migrânea.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of headache in adolescents and its association with excessive use of electronic devices and games. The sample comprised 954 adolescents of both sexes (14 to 19 years) who answered a questionnaire about use of computers and electronic games, presence of headache and physical activity. The binary and multinomial logistic regression, with significance level of 5% was used for inferential analysis. The prevalence of headache was 80.6%. The excessive use of electronics devices proved to be a risk factor (OR = 1.21) for headache. Subjects aged between 14 and 16 years were less likely to report headache (OR = 0.64). Regarding classification, 17.9% of adolescents had tension-type headache, 19.3% had migraine and 43.4% other types of headache. The adolescents aged form 14 to 16 years had lower chance (OR ≤ 0.68) to report the tension-type headache and other types of headache. The excessive use of digital equipment, electronic games and attending the third year of high school proved to be risk factors for migraine-type development (OR ≥ 1.84). There was a high prevalence of headache in adolescents and high-time use of electronic devices. We observed an association between excessive use of electronic devices and the presence of headache, and this habit is considered a risk factor, especially for the development of migraine-type.